VICAR
Rev. Joseph Esper
Forgiveness
-
PDF Documents
-
WHAT THE BIBLE & OUR FAITH DOCTRINE SAY ABOUT
forgiveness
Are you or someone you know harboring a resentment toward another person?
Are you finding it difficult to forgive someone who trespassed against you?
Are you seeking forgiveness from someone else?
Would you like to be freed from the self-induced bondage of unforgiveness?
Have you forgiven someone partially and wondered if God has forgiven you unconditionally?
Do you take turns saying "I'm sorry" with another person?
Are you keeping score to remember whose turn it is next to say "I'm sorry"?
During our journey through everyday life, we’re presented with thorny issues and delicate situations that, at times, may be perplexing and baffle us. Do we handle them in a Holy Spirit-led manner? How do we know what to do or say? If we're trying to walk out a Christian life, the first place to turn for help are the Holy Scriptures. Examining what the Good News has to say about the trial we're facing could help solve the dilemma in a Jesus-approved manner! Amen!
In Canonical order, offered below are Old and New Testament Scriptures, as well as Faith Doctrine references, on FORGIVENESS. For a printer friendly version of this page, please click on the PDF document offered in the sidebar.
So as to capture the entire message of the Scriptures contained herein and to avoid discerning out of context, please also read the surrounding passages in their respective books. All Scripture resources are from the New American Bible (2011 revised NABRE edition).
THE LORD’S PRAYER / MATTHEW 6:9-15
Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name,
your kingdom come, your will be done,
on earth as in heaven.
Give us today our daily bread;
and forgive us our debts,
as we forgive our debtors;
and do not subject us to the final test,
but deliver us from the evil one.
If you forgive others their transgressions,
your heavenly Father will forgive you.
But if you do not forgive others,
neither will your Father forgive your transgressions.
The final two lines above share with us that God is going to forgive us for our transgressions in the same manner that we forgive others for theirs, whether it is 100% or 84%. Let us seek & extend unconditional forgiveness with all of our brothers and sisters and allow the blessings from On High to flow! Amen!
-
OLD TESTAMENT REFERENCES
Genesis 50:17 ‘Thus you shall say to Joseph: Please forgive the criminal wrongdoing of your brothers, who treated you harmfully.’ So now please forgive the crime that we, the servants of the God of your father, committed.” When they said this to him, Joseph broke into tears.
Exodus 10:16-17 Pharaoh hurriedly summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “I have sinned against the LORD, your God, and against you. But now, do forgive me my sin only this once, and pray to the LORD, your God, only to take this death from me.”
Exodus 34:6-7 So the LORD passed before him (Moses) and proclaimed: The LORD, the LORD, a God gracious and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in love and fidelity, continuing his love for a thousand generations, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion, and sin; yet not declaring the guilty guiltless, but bringing punishment for their parents’ wickedness on children and children’s children to the third and fourth generation!
Leviticus 4:19-20 He shall remove all of its fat and burn it on the altar, doing with this bull just as he did with the other bull of the purification offering; he will do the same thing. Thus the priest shall make atonementf on their behalf, that they may be forgiven.
Numbers 14:18-20 ‘The LORD is slow to anger and abounding in kindness, forgiving iniquity and rebellion; yet certainly not declaring the guilty guiltless, but punishing children to the third and fourth generation for their parents’ iniquity.’ Pardon, then, the iniquity of this people in keeping with your great kindness, even as you have forgiven them from Egypt until now.” The LORD answered: I pardon them as you have asked.
Joshua 24:19-20 Joshua in turn said to the people, “You may not be able to serve the LORD, for he is a holy God; he is a passionate God who will not forgive your transgressions or your sins. If you forsake the LORD and serve strange gods, he will then do evil to you and destroy you, after having done you good.”
1 Samuel 15:24-26 Saul admitted to Samuel: “I have sinned, for I have transgressed the command of the LORD and your instructions. I feared the people and obeyed them. Now forgive my sin, and return with me, that I may worship the LORD.” But Samuel said to Saul, “I will not return with you, because you rejected the word of the LORD and the LORD has rejected you as king of Israel.”
1 Samuel 25:28 Please forgive the offense of your maidservant, for the LORD shall certainly establish a lasting house for my lord, because my lord fights the battles of the LORD. Let no evil be found in you your whole life long,
1 Kings 8:30-36 Listen to the petition of your servant and of your people Israel which they offer toward this place. Listen, from the place of your enthronement, heaven, listen and forgive. “If someone sins in some way against a neighbor and is required to take an oath sanctioned by a curse, and comes and takes the oath before your altar in this house, listen in heaven; act and judge your servants. Condemn the wicked, requiting their ways; acquit the just, rewarding their justice.
“When your people Israel are defeated by an enemy because they sinned against you, and then they return to you, praise your name, pray to you, and entreat you in this house, listen in heaven and forgive the sin of your people Israel, and bring them back to the land you gave their ancestors. “When the heavens are closed, so that there is no rain, because they have sinned against you, but they pray toward this place and praise your name, and turn from their sin because you have afflicted them, listen in heaven and forgive the sin of your servants, your people Israel (for you teach them the good way in which they should walk). Give rain to this land of yours which you have given to your people as their heritage.
1 Kings 8:50 Forgive your people who have sinned against you and all the offenses they have committed against you, and grant them mercy in the sight of their captors, so that these will be merciful to them.
2 Kings 5:18 But may the LORD forgive your servant this: when my master enters the temple of Rimmon to bow down there, as he leans upon my arm, I too must bow down in the temple of Rimmon. When I bow down in the temple of Rimmon, may the LORD please forgive your servant this.”
2 Kings 24:3-4 This befell Judah because the LORD had stated that he would put them out of his sight for the sins Manasseh had committed in all that he did, 4and especially because of the innocent blood he shed; he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood, and the LORD would not forgive.
2 Chronicles 6:21-30 Listen to the petition of your servant and of your people Israel which they offer toward this place. Listen, from the place of your enthronement, heaven, and listen and forgive. “If someone sins against a neighbor and is required to take an oath sanctioned by a curse, and comes and takes the oath before your altar in this house, listen in heaven: act and judge your servants. Condemn the wicked, requiting their ways; acquit the just, rewarding their justice. When your people Israel are defeated by an enemy because they have sinned against you, and then they turn, praise your name, pray to you, and entreat you in this house, listen from heaven and forgive the sin of your people Israel, and bring them back to the land you gave them and their ancestors. When the heavens are closed so that there is no rain, because they have sinned against you, but they pray toward this place and praise your name, and turn from their sin because you have afflicted them, listen in heaven and forgive the sin of your servants, your people Israel. (For you teach them the good way in which they should walk.) Give rain upon this land of yours which you have given to your people as their heritage. “If there is famine in the land or pestilence; or if blight comes, or mildew, or locusts swarm, or caterpillars; when their enemies besiege them at any of their gates; whatever plague or sickness there may be; whatever prayer of petition any may make, any of your people Israel, who know affliction and pain and stretch out their hands toward this house, listen from heaven, the place of your enthronement, and forgive. Render to each and all according to their ways, you who know every heart; for it is you alone who know the heart of every human being.
2 Chronicles 6:39 “...listen from heaven, the place of your enthronement, to their prayer and petitions, and uphold their cause. Forgive your people who have sinned against you...”
2 Chronicles 7:14 “...if then my people, upon whom my name has been pronounced, humble themselves and pray, and seek my face and turn from their evil ways, I will hear them from heaven and pardon their sins and heal their land.”
Nehemiah 9:16-17 But they, our ancestors, proved to be insolent; they were obdurate and did not obey your commandments. They refused to obey and no longer remembered the wonders you had worked for them. They were obdurate and appointed a leader in order to return to their slavery in Egypt. But you are a forgiving God, gracious and merciful, slow to anger and rich in mercy; you did not forsake them.
Job 7:21 Why do you not pardon my offense, or take away my guilt? For soon I shall lie down in the dust; and should you seek me I shall be gone.
Psalms 19:12-13 By them your servant is warned; obeying them brings much reward. Who can detect trespasses? Cleanse me from my inadvertent sins.
Psalms 25:11 For the sake of your name, LORD, pardon my guilt, though it is great.
Psalms 32:1-5 Of David. A maskil. I Blessed is the one whose fault is removed, whose sin is forgiven. Blessed is the man to whom the LORD imputes no guilt, in whose spirit is no deceit. II Because I kept silent, my bones wasted away; I groaned all day long. For day and night your hand was heavy upon me; my strength withered as in dry summer heat. Then I declared my sin to you; my guilt I did not hide. I said, “I confess my transgression to the LORD,” and you took away the guilt of my sin.
Psalms 65:2-4 To you we owe our hymn of praise, O God on Zion; To you our vows must be fulfilled, you who hear our prayers. To you all flesh must come with its burden of wicked deeds. We are overcome by our sins; only you can pardon them.
Psalms 78:38 But God being compassionate forgave their sin; he did not utterly destroy them. Time and again he turned back his anger, unwilling to unleash all his rage.
Psalms 79:9 Help us, God our savior, on account of the glory of your name. Deliver us, pardon our sins for your name’s sake.
Psalms 85:2 You once favored, LORD, your land, restored the captives of Jacob. You forgave the guilt of your people, pardoned all their sins.
Psalms 86:5 Lord, you are good and forgiving, most merciful to all who call on you.
Psalms 99:8 O LORD, our God, you answered them; you were a forgiving God to them, though you punished their offenses.
Psalms 103:2-5 Bless the LORD, my soul; and do not forget all his gifts, Who pardons all your sins, and heals all your ills, Who redeems your life from the pit, and crowns you with mercy and compassion, Who fills your days with good things, so your youth is renewed like the eagle’s.
Psalms 103:11-13 For as the heavens tower over the earth, so his mercy towers over those who fear him. As far as the east is from the west, so far has he removed our sins from us. As a father has compassion on his children, so the LORD has compassion on those who fear him.
Psalms 130:3-4 If you, LORD, keep account of sins, Lord, who can stand? But with you is forgiveness and so you are revered.
Isaiah 1:18 Come now, let us set things right, says the LORD: Though your sins be like scarlet, they may become white as snow; Though they be red like crimson, they may become white as wool.
Isaiah 2:9 So all shall be abased, each one brought low. Do not pardon them! (The LORD’s Day of Judgment on Pride)
Isaiah 43:25-26 It is I, I, who wipe out, for my own sake, your offenses; your sins I remember no more. Would you have me remember, have us come to trial? Speak up, prove your innocence!
Jeremiah 5:1 Roam the streets of Jerusalem, look about and observe, search through her squares, to find even one who acts justly and seeks honesty, and I will pardon her!
Jeremiah 5:7 Why should I pardon you? Your children have forsaken me, they swear by gods that are no gods. I fed them, but they commit adultery; to the prostitute’s house they throng.
Jeremiah 18:23 But you, LORD, know all their planning for my death. Do not forgive their crime, and their sin do not blot out from your sight! Let them stumble before you, in the time of your anger act against them.
Jeremiah 31:34 They will no longer teach their friends and relatives, “Know the LORD!” Everyone, from least to greatest, shall know me—oracle of the LORD—for I will forgive their iniquity and no longer remember their sin.
Jeremiah 33:8 I will purify them of all the guilt they incurred by sinning against me; I will forgive all their offenses by which they sinned and rebelled against me.
Jeremiah 36:3 Perhaps, if the house of Judah hears all the evil I have in mind to do to them, so that all of them turn from their evil way, then I can forgive their wickedness and their sin.
Jeremiah 50:20 In those days, at that time—oracle of the LORD: The guilt of Israel may be sought, but it no longer exists, the sin of Judah, but it can no longer be found; for I will forgive the remnant I preserve.
Daniel 9:9-10 But to the Lord, our God, belong compassion and forgiveness, though we rebelled against him and did not hear the voice of the LORD, our God, by walking in his laws given through his servants the prophets.
Hosea 1:6-7 She (Gomer) conceived again and bore a daughter. The LORD said to him: Give her the name “Not-Pitied,” for I will no longer feel pity for the house of Israel: rather, I will utterly abhor them. Yet for the house of Judah I will feel pity; I will save them by the LORD, their God; but I will not save them by bow or sword, by warfare, by horses or horsemen.
Hosea 14:2-3 Return, Israel, to the LORD, your God; you have stumbled because of your iniquity. Take with you words, and return to the LORD; Say to him, “Forgive all iniquity, and take what is good. Let us offer the fruit of our lips.
Amos 7:1-3 This is what the Lord GOD showed me: He was forming a locust swarm when the late growth began to come up (the late growth after the king’s mowing). When they had finished eating the grass in the land, I said: Forgive, O Lord GOD! Who will raise up Jacob? He is so small! The LORD relented concerning this. “This shall not be,” said the Lord GOD.
Micah 7:18-20 Who is a God like you, who removes guilt and pardons sin for the remnant of his inheritance; who does not persist in anger forever, but instead delights in mercy, and will again have compassion on us, treading underfoot our iniquities? You will cast into the depths of the sea all our sins; you will show faithfulness to Jacob, and loyalty to Abraham, as you have sworn to our ancestors from days of old.
-
NEW TESTAMENT REFERENCES
Matthew 6:9-15 “This is how you are to pray:
Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name,
your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as in heaven.
Give us today our daily bread;
and forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors;
and do not subject us to the final test, but deliver us from the evil one.
If you forgive others their transgressions, your heavenly Father will forgive you.
But if you do not forgive others, neither will your Father forgive your transgressions."
Matthew 9:6 But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”—he then said to the paralytic, “Rise, pick up your stretcher, and go home.”
Matthew 18:21-22 Then Peter approaching asked him, “Lord, if my brother sins against me, how often must I forgive him? As many as seven times?” Jesus answered, “I say to you, not seven times but seventy-seven times.
Matthew 18:35 So will my heavenly Father do to you, unless each of you forgives his brother from his heart.”
Matthew 26:26-29 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and giving it to his disciples said, “Take and eat; this is my body.” Then he took a cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed on behalf of many for the forgiveness of sins. I tell you, from now on I shall not drink
Mark 1:4 John [the] Baptist appeared in the desert proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.
Mark 2:7-11 “Why does this man speak that way? He is blaspheming. Who but God alone can forgive sins?” Jesus immediately knew in his mind what they were thinking to themselves, so he said, “Why are you thinking such things in your hearts? 9Which is easier, to say to the paralytic, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Rise, pick up your mat and walk’? 10* But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority to forgive sins on earth”— 11he said to the paralytic, “I say to you, rise, pick up your mat, and go home.”
Mark 3:29 But whoever blasphemes against the holy Spirit will never have forgiveness, but is guilty of an everlasting sin.”
Mark 11:25 When you stand to pray, forgive anyone against whom you have a grievance, so that your heavenly Father may in turn forgive you your transgressions.”
Luke 1:77 ...to give his people knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins…
Luke 3:3 He went throughout [the] whole region of the Jordan, proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins...
Luke 5:21-24 Then the scribes and Pharisees began to ask themselves, “Who is this who speaks blasphemies? Who but God alone can forgive sins?” 22Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them in reply, “What are you thinking in your hearts? 23Which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Rise and walk’? 24 But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”—he said to the man who was paralyzed, “I say to you, rise, pick up your stretcher, and go home.”
Luke 6:37 “Stop judging and you will not be judged. Stop condemning and you will not be condemned. Forgive and you will be forgiven.”
Luke 7:47-50 So I tell you, her many sins have been forgiven; hence, she has shown great love. But the one to whom little is forgiven, loves little.” 48He said to her, “Your sins are forgiven.” 49The others at table said to themselves, “Who is this who even forgives sins?” 50But he said to the woman, “Your faith has saved you; go in peace.”
Luke 11:3-4 Give us each day our daily bread and forgive us our sins for we ourselves forgive everyone in debt to us, and do not subject us to the final test.
Luke 17:3-4 3Be on your guard! If your brother sins, rebuke him; and if he repents, forgive him. 4And if he wrongs you seven times in one day and returns to you seven times saying, ‘I am sorry,’ you should forgive him.”
Luke 23:34 Then Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, they know not what they do.”] They divided his garments by casting lots.
Luke 24:46-47 And he said to them, “Thus it is written that the Messiah would suffer and rise from the dead on the third day 47and that repentance, for the forgiveness of sins, would be preached in his name to all the nations, beginning from Jerusalem.
John 20:22-23 And when he had said this, he breathed on them and said to them, “Receive the holy Spirit. 23Whose sins you forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you retain are retained.”
Acts 3:19 Repent, therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be wiped away,
Acts 5:31 God exalted him at his right hand as leader and savior to grant Israel repentance and forgiveness of sins.
Acts 8:22 Repent of this wickedness of yours and pray to the Lord that, if possible, your intention may be forgiven.
Acts 10:43 To him all the prophets bear witness, that everyone who believes in him will receive forgiveness of sins through his name.”
Acts 13:38-39 You must know, my brothers, that through him forgiveness of sins is being proclaimed to you, [and] in regard to everything from which you could not be justified under the law of Moses, in him every believer is justified.
Acts 17:11 These Jews were more fair-minded than those in Thessalonica, for they received the word with all willingness and examined the scriptures daily to determine whether these things were so.
Acts 26:17-18 I shall deliver you from this people and from the Gentiles to whom I send you, to open their eyes that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, so that they may obtain forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those who have been consecrated by faith in me.’
Romans 4:7-8 “Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven and whose sins are covered. Blessed is the man whose sin the Lord does not record.”
2 Corinthians 2:5-10 If anyone has caused pain, he has caused it not to me, but in some measure (not to exaggerate) to all of you. This punishment by the majority is enough for such a person, so that on the contrary you should forgive and encourage him instead, or else the person may be overwhelmed by excessive pain. Therefore, I urge you to reaffirm your love for him. For this is why I wrote, to know your proven character, whether you were obedient in everything. Whomever you forgive anything, so do I. For indeed what I have forgiven, if I have forgiven anything, has been for you in the presence of Christ, so that we might not be taken advantage of by Satan, for we are not unaware of his purposes.
2 Corinthians 5:17 For we are not like the many who trade on the word of God; but as out of sincerity, indeed as from God and in the presence of God, we speak in Christ
2 Corinthians 12:13 In what way were you less privileged than the rest of the churches, except that on my part I did not burden you? Forgive me this wrong!
Ephesians 1:7 In him we have redemption by his blood, the forgiveness of transgressions, in accord with the riches of his grace that he lavished upon us. In all wisdom and insight, he has made known to us the mystery of his will in accord with his favor that he set forth in him as a plan for the fullness of times, to sum up all things in Christ, in heaven and on earth.
Ephesians 4:32 [And] be kind to one another, compassionate, forgiving one another as God has forgiven you in Christ.
Colossians 1:13-14 He delivered us from the power of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.
Colossians 2:13 And even when you were dead [in] transgressions and the uncircumcision of your flesh, he brought you to life along with him, having forgiven us all our transgressions...
Colossians 3:12-13 Put on then, as God’s chosen ones, holy and beloved, heartfelt compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience, bearing with one another and forgiving one another, if one has a grievance against another; as the Lord has forgiven you, so must you also do.
1 Thessalonians 5:15 See that no one returns evil for evil; rather, always seek what is good [both] for each other and for all.
Hebrews 8:12 For I will forgive their evildoing and remember their sins no more.
Hebrews 9:22 According to the law almost everything is purified by blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.
Hebrews 10:16-18 “This is the covenant I will establish with them after those days, says the Lord: ‘I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them upon their minds,’” he also says: “Their sins and their evildoing I will remember no more.” Where there is forgiveness of these, there is no longer offering for sin.
1 John 1:8-10 If we say, “We are without sin,” we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we acknowledge our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from every wrongdoing. If we say, “We have not sinned,” we make him a liar, and his word is not in us.
-
FAITH DOCTRINE REFERENCES
asking for forgiveness in prayer, 1425, 2631, 2838-45
conversion and, 2608
is denied to the one who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit, 1864
family as a school for granting, 1657, 2227
God's forgiveness as a sign of His omnipotence, 277
God's grace as the origin of, 2010
must be given to whoever trespasses against us, 2840, 2845
only God grants, 1441
power of, 981
sacraments as ways to receive, 987, 2839
See also Penance and Reconciliation
forgiveness of sins
of all sins is possible, 982
Baptism and, 403, 977-80, 1226, 1263
Christ brings about, 987, 1741
Christ justifies men, 615, 1708
Christ, the "Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world," 523, 536, 608
Christ, "satisfaction for our sins," 615, 1708
the Church's power to forgive sins, 981
different ways to obtain, 1434, 1437, 1452
as an effect of justification, 2018
forms of penance and ways to obtain, 1434-39
God alone can forgive sins, 430-31, 1441
as God's gift of love, 734
Holy Spirit and, 984
offering of Christ to the Father for our sins, 606-18
for our sake God made Christ to be sin, 602-03
priests as instruments to forgive sins, 1421, 1486, 1520
as reconciliation with the Church, 1443
and the sacrament of Penance, 1496
sacrifice of Christ for the remission of the sins of man, 536, 545, 610, 613
Penance
forms of penance in the Christian life, 1434-39
interior, 1430-33
purposes of, 2043
works of penance for the dead, 1032
Penance and Reconciliation
age for confessing sins, 1457
Anointing of the Sick and the forgiveness of sins, 1532
and Baptism, 1425-26
Baptism and the forgiveness of sins, 535, 977-78
commandment to receive the sacrament of, 1457, 2042
eschatological significance of the sacrament of, 1470
the Eucharist and forgiveness of sins, 1393, 1395, 1436, 1846
indulgence, 1471
power to confer the sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation to non-Catholic Christians, 1401
purposes of the sacrament of, 1421, 1468
receiving absolution in the sacrament before receiving Eucharistic Communion, 1415
receiving the sacrament before the celebration of Matrimony, 1622
as a sacrament, 1210
sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation in particularly grave cases, 1463
instituted by Christ, 1446
instituted for all men, 827, 1446
sacramental seal of Confession, 1467, 2490
sacrifice of Christ as the source of forgiveness of man's sins, 1851
See also Sacrament(s)
absolution, 1480-84
Byzantine liturgy and formulas of, 1481
communal celebration and individual, 1482
excommunication and, 1463
general, 1483
grave sins and, 1415, 1457, 1497
over the dying Christian, 1020
power to forgive sins, 553, 976, 1441-42, 1444-45, 1461
acts of the penitent, 1491
confession, 1455-58
of grave sins necessary for obtaining reconciliation, 1493
individual confession and a communal celebration, 1482
necessity of confessing sins, 1448
personal confession the most expressive form of reconciliation, 1484
of sins and conversion, 1435
contrition, 1451-54
Holy Spirit gives the grace of, 1433
as necessary to obtain forgiveness, 982, 1259, 1861, 1864
no penance after death, 393
perfect and imperfect, 1492
and sacramental Confession, 1452
as sorrow of the soul, 1451
examination of conscience, 1454, 1456
satisfaction
as an act of the penitent, 1491
forms of penance and their purposes, 1460
purposes of, 1494
through the penance imposed by the confessor, 1460
effects of the sacrament
anticipating the Last Judgment, 1470
brings about a "spiritual resurrection," 1468
gives pardon for offense committed against God, 1422
reconciling with God, 980, 1468
reconciling with the Church, 980, 1422, 1469
forgiveness and Penance and Reconciliation
the Church as a place of reconciliation, 755
God reconciles the world to Himself in Christ, 433
pardon as the fundamental condition of Reconciliation, 2844
reconciliation of all Christians in the unity of Christ's Church, 822
reconciliation with the Church, 1443-45
ways of reconciliation, 981, 1449, 1455
See also Forgiveness: forgiveness of sins
liturgical celebration or rite of the sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation
actions of the penitent (see Penance and Reconciliation: acts of the penitent)
actions of the priest, 1491
changes in liturgical celebration of the sacrament of Penance over the centuries, 1447-48
communal, 1482-83
fundamental structure, 1448, 1480
necessity of the sacrament
for receiving the other sacraments, 1385
for Reconciliation with God and with the Church, 1484
for recovering the grace of justification, 1446
for obtaining forgiveness of mortal sins, 1395
titles for the sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation
sacrament of Confession, 1424, 1455-58
conversion, 1423
pardon, 1422
Penance, 1423
Reconciliation, 1385, 1424, 1440
remission, 1496